Articles
Learn networking, fiber, power, CCTV and AV with approachable explanations, diagrams and examples with real numbers.
IP Addressing
Subnetting Without Tears What a mask really is, how to read a /26 at a glance, and how to split a network with VLSM with nothing wasted. ≈ 14 min read IPv6 for Humans Why IPv6 addresses look so strange, how they compress, which types exist and how to plan your /64s painlessly. ≈ 12 min read Inside the Internet: Public IPs, NAT & ASNs A packet’s journey from your private LAN to the world: NAT/PAT, public addresses, autonomous systems, and how to investigate any IP. ≈ 11 min read
Layer 2
Wireless
WiFi That Performs: Channels, Rates & Airtime Why your WiFi crawls even with “full bars”: overlapping channels, PHY rates that lie, and airtime shared like a karaoke mic. ≈ 13 min read Radio Links & Antennas: The Link Budget How to size a point-to-point link that survives winter: free-space loss, antenna gain, Fresnel zone and fade margin. ≈ 12 min read
Optical fiber
Optical Fiber Without Mystery Singlemode vs multimode, what every dB means, how to build a loss budget, and why one dirty connector ruins everything. ≈ 13 min read Fiber Cable: Single-mode, Multimode & Jackets When single-mode and when multimode, how far each OM/OS grade reaches, the construction and jacket types, and which connector to use — so you never pull the wrong fiber. ≈ 13 min read
Cabling
Structured Cabling That Certifies The 100-meter channel, cable categories minus the marketing, T568 color order, and how to plan patch panels and conduit fill. ≈ 11 min read Copper Cable: Which One and Why Categories minus the marketing (Cat5e to Cat8), when to shield, solid vs stranded, AWG gauge and which jacket the code demands — to pick the right cable, no more, no less. ≈ 12 min read Jacks, Patch Panels & Face Plates: Copper Termination Keystone modules, RJ45 plugs, patch panel types (punch-down, modular, angled) and face plates — what goes on each end of the cable and how to choose it. ≈ 12 min read
Power
PoE Without Surprises PoE classes and standards (af/at/bt), how to budget your switch power, and why distance also charges in watts. ≈ 10 min read Rack Power: UPS, Batteries & Generator How many minutes your UPS really lasts, how to size battery banks, and what generator you need when the outage drags on. ≈ 12 min read
CCTV
Datacenter
Performance
TCP at Full Speed: MTU, Windows & BDP Why a 1 Gbps link can transfer at 100 Mbps: MTU and fragmentation, the TCP window, the bandwidth-delay product, and the latency nobody measures. ≈ 12 min read QoS for Real: DSCP, Queues & Shaping Mark traffic with DSCP, understand the shaping/policing token bucket, and size jitter buffers for voice and video. ≈ 11 min read
Voice
AV
Pro Video: HDMI, HDBaseT & Video Walls How many Gbps a 4K signal weighs, how far HDMI reaches, when to use HDBaseT, and how a video wall gets calculated. ≈ 11 min read Pro Audio: 70V, SPL & Dante Why 70V lines rule commercial audio, how to compute the SPL that reaches the ear, and how audio travels the network with Dante. ≈ 12 min read